{"id":3206,"date":"2026-10-15T07:17:19","date_gmt":"2026-10-14T23:17:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com.hk\/legal\/posts\/verifying-legal-ai-a-guide-for-general-counsel"},"modified":"2026-10-16T02:47:59","modified_gmt":"2026-10-15T18:47:59","slug":"verifying-legal-ai-a-guide-for-general-counsel","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com.hk\/legal\/posts\/verifying-legal-ai-a-guide-for-general-counsel","title":{"rendered":"Verifying\u00a0legal AI: a guide for General Counsel\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:16px\">Key Takeaways<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Every lawyer is personally responsible for AI-assisted work filed in an Australian court.<\/strong> The Federal Court and the Supreme Courts of NSW and Victoria all expect a human to check material created with AI assistance. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>&#8216;Verified&#8217; means a qualified person checked the work against primary sources and can show how.<\/strong> Citations must trace to the original judgment or legislation.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>CoCounsel Legal is built to make that check possible.<\/strong> It reasons from Westlaw, Practical Law and your organisation\u2019s own information and data, illustrates its research plan, and links every source.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Australian courts expect lawyers to personally check any AI-assisted material they file with the court, which means every lawyer is responsible for what their AI tool produces. Nearly half of <a href=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com.au\/legal\/resources\/resource\/2026-state-of-the-corporate-law-department-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">corporate legal departments<\/a> (47%) have access to generative AI tools. But are the outputs of those tools defensible?&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.thomsonreuters.com.au\/en-au\/products\/cocounsel.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CoCounsel Legal<\/a> is designed to be transparent, showing its reasoning and linking its sources so the General Counsel\u2019s office can verify AI outputs. Following the launch of CoCounsel Legal, this guide shows legal counsel how to verify AI-generated legal work. It also explains how to check AI answers against trusted authoritative sources, such as <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thomsonreuters.com.au\/en-au\/products\/westlaw.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Westlaw<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thomsonreuters.com.au\/en-au\/products\/practical-law.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Practical Law<\/a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-8f761849 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:16px\">Table of contents<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#Why-does-AI-verification-matter\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#Why-does-AI-verification-matter\">Why does AI verification matter to legal counsel?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#What-can-go-wrong-with-using-AI\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#What-can-go-wrong-with-using-AI\">What can go wrong with using AI in legal contexts?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#what-verified-means\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#what-verified-means\">What \u201cverified\u201d means under current guidance<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#how-to-verify-legal-ai\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#how-to-verify-legal-ai\">How to verify the output of your legal AI work&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#steps-to-verify-ai\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#steps-to-verify-ai\">Steps to verify AI-generated legal outputs&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#CoCounsel-Legal-is-built-for-verification\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#CoCounsel-Legal-is-built-for-verification\">Is CoCounsel Legal built for AI verification?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"#courts-and-tribunal-guidance\" data-type=\"internal\" data-id=\"#courts-and-tribunal-guidance\">Where can I read the court and tribunal guidance?&nbsp;<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"Why-does-AI-verification-matter\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-1\" style=\"color:#d64000\">Why does AI verification matter to legal counsel?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AI verification matters to legal counsel because it ties to their professional responsibilities as lawyers. As legal teams and their organisations use AI more widely, they are also becoming more aware of the risks that come with it. The <a href=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com.au\/legal\/resources\/resource\/future-of-professionals-report-2026-thomson-reuters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Future of Professionals Report 2026<\/em><\/a> found that 94% of professionals say AI outputs must draw on authoritative content. Roughly the same proportion (90%) say AI\u2019s reasoning must be explainable and defensible<sup>1<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Australian courts have reminded lawyers of their professional obligations by issuing guidance on the use of AI. The NSW Supreme Court\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/supremecourt.nsw.gov.au\/documents\/Practice-and-Procedure\/Practice-Notes\/general\/current\/PN_SC_Gen_23.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Practice Note SC Gen 23<\/a> requires that where AI has helped prepare written submissions, the author must personally verify, and state in the document that they have verified, that every case, law and other source it cites exists, is accurate and is relevant<sup>2<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Federal Court has gone the same way in its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fedcourt.gov.au\/law-and-practice\/practice-documents\/notice-to-profession\/16-april-2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">General Practice Note on generative AI<\/a>, issued on 16 April 2026<sup>3<\/sup>. It requires a responsible person to confirm the accuracy of any document prepared with AI, and requires disclosure of AI use in specific circumstances. For a forum-by-forum comparison of what the Federal Court, the Supreme Courts of NSW and Victoria, and the Fair Work Commission expect, see our companion <a href=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com.au\/legal\/posts\/how-to-verify-legal-ai-guide-for-law-firm-partners\">guide for law firm partners<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"What-can-go-wrong-with-using-AI\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-2\" style=\"color:#d64000\">What can go wrong with using AI in legal contexts?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">AI-fabricated citations have become a problem for Australian courts. A public database by <a href=\"https:\/\/www.damiencharlotin.com\/hallucinations\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Damien Charlotin<\/a>, a research fellow at HEC Paris, records court decisions worldwide involving AI-generated false content. More than 110 of those decisions are from Australian courts and tribunals. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The consequences of unverifiable AI have started playing out in the Australian courts. At the time of publication, Australian courts have referred two lawyers to their professional regulators over inaccurate AI-generated citations. (See Dayal [2024] FedCFamC2F 1166 and JNE24 v Minister for Immigration and Citizenship [2025] FedCFamC2G 1314.) Read more on these decisions, and the personal costs orders that followed in related matters, in our <a href=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com.au\/legal\/posts\/how-to-verify-legal-ai-guide-for-law-firm-partners\">guide for partners verifying AI<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The risk is not limited to law firms and people representing themselves in court. In Applications by BGIS Pty Ltd [2026] FWC 1669, the Fair Work Commission, Australia\u2019s workplace relations tribunal, found that extracts from modern awards in the company\u2019s written submissions appeared to be AI-generated and unchecked. As a result, it dismissed the company\u2019s applications relating to three employees.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">From 20 October 2026, the Commission\u2019s new Guidance Note will also require anyone who uses generative AI to prepare documents for its cases to disclose that use in the document. They are also required to check that facts, cases, legislation and quotes are accurate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For a General Counsel, the risks of unchecked legal AI are not limited to the courtroom. The legal guidance your team gives to the business carries risks when your team uses unverifiable AI. The exposure is also harder to see when shadow AI is being used. According to the <a href=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com.au\/legal\/resources\/resource\/future-of-professionals-report-2026-thomson-reuters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Future of Professionals Report 2026<\/em>,<\/a> over one in three professionals (34%) said they use AI tools their organisation has not sanctioned.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"what-verified-means\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-3\" style=\"color:#d64000\">What \u201cverified\u201d means under current guidance&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In practical terms, \u201cverified\u201d means a qualified person has personally checked AI-assisted work against authoritative sources, and can show how they did it. Australian courts and tribunals differ on the detail, including when AI use must be disclosed, but all four expect a human to verify AI-assisted material. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Federal Court has said that lawyers must verify all AI-generated content before filing it with the court, because AI systems can produce citations that look authentic but don\u2019t exist, and filing that material, even by accident, can amount to misleading the court. The <a href=\"https:\/\/www.supremecourt.vic.gov.au\/forms-fees-and-services\/forms-templates-and-guidelines\/guideline-responsible-use-of-ai-in-litigation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Supreme Court of Victoria\u2019s Practice Note SC Gen 25 takes<\/a> its own approach for everyone involved in a court case, not just lawyers: AI-produced content must be verified with meaningful human control, and court users must be ready to identify which parts of a document were produced using AI and explain how the output was verified<sup>4<\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The NSW Supreme Court is more specific about what the check involves. That covers every case, law and other source cited in AI-assisted written submissions, as set out above. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You must check references to evidence, whether in affidavits or transcript, in the same way. You cannot leave that verification solely to a generative AI tool. Generative AI must also not be used to generate the content of affidavits or witness statements. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Taken together, the guidance points to four features of a defensible verification:&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Personal.<\/strong> The author or responsible lawyer must do the check.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Primary source.<\/strong> Every case, law and other source cited must trace back to the original. You must confirm it exists, is accurate and relevant.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Beyond citations.<\/strong> The courts also expect you to confirm that the cases and laws cited support their point, that evidence is genuinely in the material filed, and that you can prove factual claims. &nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Not checked by another AI.<\/strong> Under the NSW Supreme Court\u2019s practice note, verification cannot be left solely to a generative AI tool, so using a second AI tool to check your AI\u2019s outputs does not count. You can still read original sources accessed within an AI tool. &nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Federal Court and NSW Supreme Court practice notes govern material filed in court. However, the same standard is a sound benchmark for the advice your team gives the business. Our guide for law firm partners includes a table showing what a <a href=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com.au\/legal\/posts\/how-to-verify-legal-ai-guide-for-law-firm-partners\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com.au\/legal\/posts\/how-to-verify-legal-ai-guide-for-law-firm-partners\">defensible answer and a weak answer look like<\/a> when a court or regulator asks who checked the work, what it was checked against and whether you can show your work.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"how-to-verify-legal-ai\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-4\" style=\"color:#d64000\">How to verify the output of your legal AI work&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">To verify the output of your legal AI work, check each citation against a primary source. You\u2019ll need to confirm whether the AI drew from trusted content rather than open-web material. Plus, you must document how you checked your work.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Under the Federal Court\u2019s Generative AI Practice Note (GPN-AI) and the NSW Supreme Court\u2019s Practice Note SC Gen 23, verifying the output of the AI for legal work is now a personal obligation. You are the human in the loop who needs to check and file your work with your name on it, and your practising certificate behind it. &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CoCounsel Legal is designed to support verification because it reasons from authoritative content in Westlaw and Practical Law, and the user\u2019s document itself, or source material the user has authorised the AI to use, such as company-owned files.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"steps-to-verify-ai\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-5\" style=\"color:#d64000\">Steps to verify AI-generated legal outputs&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Verifying AI output works best as a repeatable process. These five steps help you confirm that an answer is accurate, grounded in authoritative sources, and defensible. See these steps in action in our guide for law firm partners, which walks through a <a href=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com.au\/legal\/posts\/how-to-verify-legal-ai-guide-for-law-firm-partners\">worked employment law scenario<\/a>, showing what CoCounsel Legal does at each stage. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Check the source base first.<\/strong> Before you trust an output, know whether the tool reasoned from authoritative legal content (such as Westlaw and Practical Law) or from the open web.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Confirm that each case exists.<\/strong> Ensure the AI has correctly interpreted the case and understood the nuances like a lawyer would. &nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Trace every citation to a primary source.<\/strong> Find the original judgment or legislation and check that it exists and says what the AI claims. CoCounsel Legal is designed to help with this step by linking each citation back to its underlying source in Westlaw without leaving CoCounsel Legal. &nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Never verify one AI with another.<\/strong> For example, if you chain two AI models together to check something, it does not count as verification under the NSW Supreme Court\u2019s Practice Note SC Gen 23.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"5\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Make a record.<\/strong> Note which parts of a document were AI-assisted, the tool you used, and how you checked it. CoCounsel Legal generates a report you can use to record your work for ease of reference.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"CoCounsel-Legal-is-built-for-verification\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-6\" style=\"color:#d64000\">Is CoCounsel Legal built for AI verification?&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Yes. CoCounsel Legal is built around <a href=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com.au\/legal\/posts\/thomson-reuters-standard-for-high-stakes-ai\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Fiduciary-Grade AI\u2122<\/a>, Thomson Reuters\u2019 standard for AI by professions where mistakes carry real consequences. It explains every step, traces every source and delivers results you can defend. It shows its research plan and links its trusted sources, so you can check its work. As an in-house lawyer, you should be able to show how you reached your advice. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thomson Reuters\u2019 <a href=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com.au\/legal\/resources\/resource\/future-of-professionals-report-2026-thomson-reuters\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><em>Future of Professionals Report 2026<\/em><\/a> found 41% of professionals say they lack access to AI tools built for professional work on verified content.<sup>8<\/sup> &nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CoCounsel Legal reasons from Westlaw content, Practical Law guidance, and your organisation\u2019s knowledge rather than the open web, so you\u2019re checking against sources you already trust. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thomson Reuters Institute\u2019s 2026 <em><a href=\"https:\/\/insight.thomsonreuters.com.au\/legal\/resources\/resource\/2026-state-of-the-corporate-law-department-report\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">State of the Corporate Law Department Report<\/a> <\/em>found that technology as a strategic priority has doubled in the past year.<sup>9<\/sup> Meanwhile, General Counsel must hold legal AI to a verifiable, defensible standard.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">CoCounsel Legal runs in a secure, enterprise-grade environment designed to meet the confidentiality and compliance standards of legal practice. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"courts-and-tribunal-guidance\" class=\"wp-block-heading has-text-color has-link-color wp-elements-7\" style=\"color:#d64000\">Where can I read the court and tribunal guidance?&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The primary sources referred to in this guide are listed below. Check each court or tribunal\u2019s current requirements before you file.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Federal Court of Australia: Generative Artificial Intelligence Practice Note (GPN-AI)&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Supreme Court of NSW: Practice Note SC Gen 23, Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Supreme Court of Victoria: Practice Note SC Gen 25, The Use of Artificial Intelligence by Court Users&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fair Work Commission: Guidance note on the use of generative artificial intelligence in Commission cases&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Other practice requirements may apply in your jurisdiction. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Learn more about <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thomsonreuters.com.au\/en-au\/products\/cocounsel.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CoCounsel Legal<\/a> \u2192 &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"font-size:16px\">Footnotes<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Supreme Court of New South Wales, <a href=\"https:\/\/supremecourt.nsw.gov.au\/documents\/Practice-and-Procedure\/Practice-Notes\/general\/current\/PN_SC_Gen_23.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Practice Note SC Gen 23: Use of Generative Artificial Intelligence (Gen AI)<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Federal Court of Australia, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fedcourt.gov.au\/law-and-practice\/practice-documents\/notice-to-profession\/16-april-2026\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Notice to the Profession: Generative Artificial Intelligence Practice Note (GPN-AI)<\/a>, 16 April 2026.<\/em>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Fair Work Commission, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.fwc.gov.au\/about-us\/news-and-media\/news\/use-ai-commission-cases\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Guidance note: Use of generative artificial intelligence in Commission cases<\/a>.&nbsp;<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><em>Supreme Court of Victoria, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.supremecourt.vic.gov.au\/areas\/legal-resources\/practice-notes\/sc-gen-25-the-use-of-artificial-intelligence-by-court-users\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Practice Note SC Gen 25: The Use of Artificial Intelligence by Court Users<\/a>.<\/em>&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Guide for Australian-based General Counsel to verify AI-generated legal work against trusted, authoritative sources. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":220,"featured_media":3201,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[602],"tags":[1149,272,1115,1150],"insight_job_role":[595],"insight_practice_area":[],"class_list":["entry","author-tyrillycsillag","has-excerpt","post-3206","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-innovation-and-technology","tag-ai-verification","tag-in-house-legal-departments","tag-legal-ai","tag-verify-ai","insight_job_role-general-counsel","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - 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